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Tangible Assets: US Mint Pre-1933 Gold Coins

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As tangible assets, vintage gold coins can diversify an investment portfolio, reducing risk by spreading exposure across different asset types. Many investment advisors recommend precious metals as a safe haven since prices remain relatively stable to the dollar to offset the volatility that can come in the stock market. Tangible assets are an alternative investments that can diversify an existing investment portfolio and provide protection against inflation.

Gold coins can bring unique diversity to an existing investment portfolio, while expanding on an interest in numismatics or history. Beyond potential financial gains, the process of collecting, studying, and preserving historical coins can morph into a numismatic hobby.

Prior to the Great Depression, gold coins were the normal and natural form of money and in common circulation throughout the world. While the government recalled millions and melted them down, millions more were saved from the smelters due to limited personal ownership exemptions in the law, along with exemptions for coins having numismatic value.

During the era of the gold standard, gold coins were the preferred and accepted method of trade and commerce. In recent years, many well preserved Pre-1933 US Mint gold coins have been discovered in historic “hoards” from European vaults, such as the well known Rive d’Or Collection, discovered in a bank in Paris and released in 2008.

Coins having historical significance often appreciate in value, especially those in good condition, with rare mint marks, from limited mintages, those connected with special collections and other particulars. Owning some of these tangible assets can bring personal satisfaction and a sense of connection to the past, in addition to the intrinsic value of the gold.

There are known counterfeits that circulate in the market from time to time, most often from shady sellers. These are easily discovered due to the widespread industry use XRF along with the more affordable devices like the Precious Metals Verifier from Sigma. These devices have become an indispensable tool for local coin shops, pawn shops, “we buy gold” stores, jewelry stores.

As a way to reduce risk, many investors choose third-party graded gold coins from companies such as NGC and PCGS. Coins that have been graded and encapsulated by these types of services have been verified as authentic. Based on an expert analysis, a grade and unique serial number are assigned to each coin during the review process, which can later be used to verify authenticity.

In addition to the Sigma, there are a variety of other devices that assist hobbyists, numismatists and investors to verify authentic products and reduce risk.

US Mint Pre-1933 Gold Coins

American gold coins from the late 19th and early 20th centuries are a favorite for many investors and collectors, due to the connection to our history. While these coins have been held by collectors and investors for nearly 100 years, they are among the most widely recognized throughout the world.

1927 St Gaudens Double Eagle Gold Coin

Pre-1933 gold coins from the US Mint were minted to standards defined by the Coinage Act of 1792 and updated in 1849 and again in 1873. The original Act defined three distinct denominations, the larger $20 Double Eagle was defined in the updated Act.

  • $10 Eagle – Defined with 247 4/8 grains of pure gold or 270 grains of standard gold. The accepted
    standard for coin gold during the era was 90% purity, or .900 fineness. This accounted for a significant amount of gold, while being alloyed with a small amount of more durable metals like copper for added strength for circulations. Each $10 gold eagle coin is minted with 0.4838 troy ounces of gold.
  • $5 Half Eagle – Defined with 123 6/8 grains of pure gold or 135 grains of standard gold. Each $5 gold eagle coin is minted with 0.2419 troy ounces of gold.
  • $2.50 Quarter Eagle – Defined with 61 7/8 grains of pure gold or 67 4/8 grains of standard gold. Each $2.50 Quarter Eagle gold coin is minted with 0.121 troy ounces of gold.
  • $20 Double Eagle – Define as the twenty-dollar piece, five hundred and sixteen grains of standard gold.

The California Gold Rush created a huge increase in the inflow of gold flowing into the U.S. Treasury, creating the need for a new denominations to handle the influx. The Coinage Act of 1849 authorized the production of the $20 Double Eagle, which was the largest denomination for a regular issue U.S. gold coin at the time. The Act also established the specifications for the $1 gold coin.

The Liberty Head double eagle or Coronet double eagle was introduced as a pattern coin by the US Mint in 1849 and entered production in 1850. Each $20 Double Eagle Gold Coin is minted with 0.9675 troy ounce of gold. The Double Eagle had an overall weight of 33.436 grams and was made from 90% gold and 10% copper alloy, maintaining the standard for U.S. gold coins.

Throughout its mintage history from 1850 until 1933, more $20 Double Eagle Gold Coins were issued than all of the other denomination. Today, these coins are highly sought after by both investors and collectors, particularly those that are third-party graded and in mint state condition.

Tangible Assets

These coins are made of 90% gold, which gives them intrinsic value based on the current price of gold. This means that even if the numismatic value of the coins fluctuates, they will always retain value based on their gold content.

These coins are historical artifacts from a bygone era when the economy was on the gold standard. The rarity and historical significance of Pre-1933 gold coins can adds numismatic premium to their value. For This means that these coins can appreciate in value over time, not just due to the price of gold, but also due to their historical and collectible value.

Moreover, the tangible nature of these coins can provide a sense of security not found in other types of investments. They are physical assets that you can hold in your hand, which can be reassuring in a world of digital and paper investments. This tangibility also means that they can be easily stored, transported, and sold, making them a flexible investment option.

While millions of these coins were minted prior to the prohibition on private gold ownership, millions of them were melted down into large gold bars for deep storage at the Bullion Depository at Fort Knox and in the underground vault at the Federal Reserve in New York.

Liberty Series

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St-Gaudens and Indian Heads

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The Sheldon Scale: A Comprehensive Guide for Grading Gold and Silver Coins

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The coin grading system, known as the Sheldon Scale, has become a critical part of the numismatic world. It provides a standard for assessing the condition of both numismatic and bullion coins, significantly affecting their market value. Third party grading services widely use this system, applying it to various coins, from gold and silver coins to rarer items like Pre-1933 Gold Coins. With this guide, you will understand the background, usage, and impact of the Sheldon in numismatics.

What is the Sheldon Grading Scale?

The Sheldon grading Scale is a 70-point grading scale for evaluating the condition and quality of coins. Initially intended for large cents minted between 1793 and 1814, it has since been expanded to include all types of coins, numismatic and bullion alike.

This grading system ranges from a grade of 1, which represents a coin in poor condition (also known as “basal state”), to a grade of 70, denoting a coin in perfect, mint condition. The Sheldon Grading Scale evaluates coins based on their wear, marking, luster, color, and eye appeal. The key grades to note are:

  • Mint State (MS 60-70): No signs of wear, highest quality.
  • About Uncirculated (AU 50-58): Slight signs of wear or minor defects.
  • Extremely Fine (EF or XF 40-45): Light wear on the coin’s high points.
  • Very Fine (VF 20-35): Medium to medium-light wear.
  • Fine (F 12-15): Moderate to considerable even wear.
  • Very Good (VG 8-10): Well-worn with main features clear and bold.
  • Good (G 4-6): Heavily worn with lettering, date and figures visible but faint in spots.
  • About Good (AG 3): Very heavily worn with parts of date, lettering, etc. worn smooth.
  • Fair (F 2): Barely recognizable, may be damaged.
  • Poor (P or PR 1): Barely recognizable as to what coin it is, almost all detail worn off.

The Sheldon Grading Scale offers a unified, standardized grading system that is widely accepted across the numismatic world. It is used by professional dealers, collectors, and third party grading services to evaluate and trade graded coins.

The Sheldon grading Scale is widely used by various entities within the numismatic community. Third-party grading services are arguably the most notable users of the Sheldon grading Scale. These independent organizations, including the Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) and the Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC), provide expert coin grading services to collectors and dealers worldwide. They base their evaluations on the Sheldon Grading Scale, providing an unbiased assessment of a coin’s condition. These organizations also offer coin encapsulation or “slabbing” services, whereby the graded coins are sealed within clear, hard plastic cases. This helps to preserve the coin’s condition and provides an easy-to-view display. A label inside the case indicates the coin’s grade and other relevant information.

Coin dealers also utilize the Sheldon Grading Scale extensively. When buying and selling coins, dealers need to accurately determine the condition and hence the value of the coins. The Sheldon Grading Scale provides a standardized system to make this determination. For instance, a coin graded as Mint State 65 (MS 65) is more valuable than one graded as Extremely Fine 40 (EF 40). Dealers use these gradings to set prices for buying and selling coins, thus ensuring fairness and transparency in the market.

Coin collectors find the Sheldon Grading Scale invaluable for the same reasons dealers do. When adding to their collections, collectors need to know they’re getting a fair deal. A coin’s grade can dramatically affect its value, so knowing its Sheldon Grading Scale grade helps collectors make informed purchasing decisions. Additionally, many collectors derive satisfaction from acquiring high-grade coins, and the Sheldon Grading Scale provides a clear target for them to aim at.

Auction houses dealing in numismatics also use the Sheldon Grading Scale. When cataloging and listing coins for auction, the coins are often graded using this scale. This allows potential buyers to have a clear understanding of the coin’s condition, enabling them to bid appropriately. Coins graded by reputable third-party grading services often bring higher prices due to the confidence buyers have in the grading accuracy.

How does the Sheldon Scale apply to Gold & Silver Coins?

Applying the Sheldon Grading Scale to gold coins and silver coins involves evaluating various physical attributes. These include the coin’s wear, or lack thereof, the presence of any markings or damage, the luster or shine of the metal, the coin’s color, and its overall eye appeal. Each factor is meticulously inspected to assign an appropriate grade on the Sheldon Grading Scale. For instance, a coin that exhibits no signs of wear and maintains its original luster would likely receive a Mint State grade, while a coin with noticeable wear and damage would receive a lower grade.

While the Sheldon Grading Scale grading is universally applicable, its significance can vary depending on the type of coin. For bullion coins, which include many modern gold and silver coins, the value is often primarily derived from the metal content itself. Such coins are often bought and sold close to their “melt value,” the value of the precious metal content if the coin were melted down. In such cases, the Sheldon Grading Scale grading might not dramatically influence a bullion coin’s value, although some collectors still appreciate and seek out high-grade bullion coins.

On the other hand, numismatic coins, including rare and historical items like Pre-1933 Gold Coins, greatly depend on the Sheldon Grading Scale for valuation. Because these coins are valued for their rarity, historical significance, and condition, a high Sheldon Grading Scale grade can significantly increase their value. Therefore, collectors and dealers pay keen attention to the Sheldon Grading Scale grading when dealing with numismatic coins. Coins that have been graded and authenticated by a respected third-party grading service often command higher prices in the market, thanks to the added assurance of their grade and authenticity.

Who was Dr. William H. Sheldon?

Dr. William H. Sheldon was an American psychologist and numismatist who left a significant imprint on the world of coin collecting. Born in 1898, Sheldon is most famous for developing the Sheldon Grading Scale for grading coins, a system that revolutionized numismatics and is still in use today. Beyond his contribution to coin grading, he was also a notable figure in the field of psychology, where he proposed the theory of body types known as somatotypes. Despite his controversial theories in psychology, his contribution to numismatics is universally recognized and appreciated. His creation of the Sheldon Grading Scale was a pioneering effort in bringing a standardized grading system to coin collecting, significantly impacting how coins are evaluated and traded.

What role did Dr. William H. Sheldon play in 20th century numismatics?

In the realm of 20th-century numismatics, Dr. William H. Sheldon played a pivotal role in his development of the Sheldon Grading Scale. Before his intervention, there was no standardized, universally accepted system for grading coins. This lack of uniformity made it difficult for collectors and dealers to accurately value and trade coins. Sheldon introduced his scale in the 1940s, primarily for the grading of early American cents, but the system’s usefulness quickly led to its adoption for all types of coins. The Sheldon Grading Scale effectively revolutionized the field of numismatics by providing a common language to describe a coin’s condition.

Moreover, Dr. Sheldon’s contributions extended beyond just the creation of the grading scale. His book, “Penny Whimsy,” which outlines the Sheldon Scale in detail, is considered an essential read for serious coin collectors and dealers. His efforts, along with those of others in the numismatic community, led to the emergence of third-party grading services, which brought further standardization and credibility to the grading process. These services use the Sheldon Scale as a foundation for their grading, ensuring the system’s continued relevance and influence in numismatics. The legacy of Dr. Sheldon’s contributions continues to shape the world of coin collecting and trading to this day.